Tic Tac Toe program in cpp

# Define the board
board = [' ' for _ in range(9)]

def print_board():
    print('\n')
    print(f' {board[0]} | {board[1]} | {board[2]}')
    print('---|---|---')
    print(f' {board[3]} | {board[4]} | {board[5]}')
    print('---|---|---')
    print(f' {board[6]} | {board[7]} | {board[8]}')
    print('\n')

def is_winner(player):
    return (
        (board[0] == board[1] == board[2] == player) or 
        (board[3] == board[4] == board[5] == player) or 
        (board[6] == board[7] == board[8] == player) or 
        (board[0] == board[3] == board[6] == player) or 
        (board[1] == board[4] == board[7] == player) or 
        (board[2] == board[5] == board[8] == player) or 
        (board[0] == board[4] == board[8] == player) or 
        (board[2] == board[4] == board[6] == player)
    )

def is_draw():
    return all(cell != ' ' for cell in board)

def play_game():
    print_board()
    for turn in range(9):
        player = 'X' if turn % 2 == 0 else 'O'
        print(f'Player {player}, make your move (1-9): ', end='')
        move = int(input()) - 1
        if board[move] == ' ':
            board[move] = player
            print_board()
            if is_winner(player):
                print(f'Player {player} wins!')
                return
            elif is_draw():
                print('It\'s a draw!')
                return
        else:
            print('Invalid move. Try again.')
            continue

play_game()
    

Functions in the Program

Functions are essential to make the code reusable and modular. The following functions are commonly used:

1. print_board()

Purpose: Displays the game board with the current state.

How it works: It formats the board list into a 3x3 grid and prints it.

Why it's useful: Keeps the game visually clear for players.

2. is_winner(player)

Purpose: Checks if the specified player ('X' or 'O') has won.

How it works: Compares specific combinations (rows, columns, diagonals) of the board list to see if they match the player's symbol.

Why it's useful: Determines the winner after each move.

3. is_draw()

Purpose: Checks if the board is full and no player has won.

How it works: Uses a loop or condition to see if there are no empty spaces (' ') left in the board.

Why it's useful: Ends the game in case of a draw.

4. play_game()

Purpose: Manages the entire gameplay process.

How it works:

Alternates between Player 1 ('X') and Player 2 ('O').

Takes input, validates it, and updates the board.

Calls functions to check for winners or draws.

Why it's useful: Centralizes the game logic for better organization.

Important Keywords

1. def

Used to define a function.

2. if, elif, else

Control the flow of the program based on conditions.

3. for, range

Loops to iterate through moves or position

4. return

Exits a function and optionally sends a value back to the caller.

Data Structures

1. List (board)

Used to represent the 3x3 grid.

Each index corresponds to a cell on the board.

1. player Alternation

Alternates between Player 1 ('X') and Player 2 ('O') using a loop.

2. Winning Combinations

Specific indexes on the board list represent winning lines:

Rows: [0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]

Columns: [0, 3, 6], [1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8]

Diagonals: [0, 4, 8], [2, 4, 6]

3. Input Validation

Ensures the player's move is valid:

The number must be within range (1-9).

The chosen cell must be empty.

Sample output